Titania slag - 85% titanium dioxide (heavy mineral sand quarry operation and titania slag production)

The activity generating the emissions is heavy mineral sand quarry operation and titania slag production. The reference product is titania slag, 85% titanium dioxide. Titania slag, which comes from ilmenite, contains up to 85 per cent titanium dioxide, while rutile contains up to 94 per cent titanium dioxide. The largest application of titanium dioxide is as a white pigment representing between 95 and 98 per cent of worldwide TiO2 consumption. The remaining uses are as a flux for electric welding rods and in certain metallurgical and electronic applications. Titanium dioxide is beneficiated by end-users to provide brilliance and opacity to products such as paints, plastics or paper. Manufacturers mainly use rutile in welding rod fluxes as it stabilises the arc and protects the molten metal from oxidation - forming a superior welding joint. In its titanium metal form, it is used extensively in the aerospace and aviation industries because of its lightness, strength and corrosion – and heat-resistance. These properties also make it ideal for use in artificial hip joints, pacemakers and spectacle frames. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/19721/documentation.