Gravel - crushed (gravel production - crushed)

Emissions generated by the activity within the product supply chain as described in ecoinvent v3.10. The product "gravel crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones no distinction between gravel sizes was done due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase for example as foundation material for highways railways runways etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt and filler for highway dam and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands snow and ice control and railroad ballast. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary transforming activity. The reference product amount is 1.