Watershed (CEDA)

CEDA is an environmental Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) model designed to support a range of environmental systems analyses, including life cycle assessments (LCA), corporate carbon footprints, and sustainable spend analysis. GHG Protocol At its core, CEDA connects economic exchanges to GHG emissions by quantifying the lifecycle emissions of products and services through the integration of input-output tables — which represent the full supply-chain network of the global economy — with GHG emissions data.

CEDA follows a cradle-to-gate system boundary and calculates transport emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. CEDA does not account for direct land use change, but does include land management emissions. It covers all seven GHGs.

CEDA factors cover all upstream Scope 3 categories up to the point of purchase, including purchased goods and services, capital goods, fuel and energy-related activities, upstream transportation and distribution, waste generated in operations, business travel, and leased assets (GHG Protocol categories 1–6 and 8). CEDA does not cover downstream emissions.

CEDA provides two alternative emission factors for every sector:

Purchaser price is the amount paid for the purchase of a ready-to-use product or service, inclusive of domestic transportation costs and trade margins: Purchaser price = Producer price + domestic transportation costs and trade margins

Producer price is the amount receivable by the producer, exclusive of subsidies and deductible value-added tax: Producer price = Amount received by the producer for the production of a good or service

For Scope 1 and 2 accounting, if spend includes transportation and sale costs (i.e. margins), purchaser price best describes the price type. If spend includes partial or no margins, using producer price leads to a more conservative estimate. When unsure, Watershed generally recommends using producer price: margins are highly variable and difficult to estimate even for official government statistical offices, and producer price is the more conservative choice in the face of this uncertainty.

Price index adjustments Watershed uses sector-level price index changes sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), as it is the most granular source of sector-level changes that also matches CEDA's sector definitions.

For 2023, CEDA also provides mass-based emission factors, expressed in kg CO₂e per kg of product. These factors are available for 151 agricultural commodities classified using the United Nations Central Product Classification (CPC).

FLAG emission factors are also available for both spend- and mass-based data and are derived from the CALUE database, where FLAG emissions are represented as the sum of land-use change and land management emissions.

For full details, see the source methodology document:
https://cdn.sanity.io/files/3ogo9b9g/production/70c90f1ce6449776c2987aafe205bf6239952776.pdf

Data does not include deductible VAT.

Regional averages are only available for 2023 in producer prices.

Mass-based emisison factors are only available for 2023.