Watershed (CEDA)
About Watershed (CEDA)
CEDA (Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive) is a spend-based emission factor database with 60,000 factors across 400 industries and 148 countries, used for Scope 3 reporting, LCA analyses, and sustainable procurement, and is maintained by Watershed and available for free as “Open CEDA.”
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CEDA 2025
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Description | CEDA (Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive) is a spend-based emission factor database with 60,000 factors across 400 industries and 148 countries, used for Scope 3 reporting, LCA analyses, and sustainable procurement, and is maintained by Watershed and available for free as “Open CEDA.” |
| Source type | Corporate |
| Original dataset URL | URL |
| Year released | 2025 |
| Geography | Multiple regions |
| Sector | |
| Type of data | Spend-based |
| Emission results | CO2e |
| Data Transformation | NA |
License
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Type of license | Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
| License URL | URL |
Data quality
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Data quality assurance | Vetted by Climatiq. For further information on data quality assurance, see: https://www.climatiq.io/methodology#Data-Quality |
| Quality flag(s) | NA |
Methodology
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|---|---|
| IPCC AR method |
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| LCA boundary |
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| Scope applicability |
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| Emissions breakdown |
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| Methodology description | CEDA is an environmental Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) model designed to support a range of environmental systems analyses, including life cycle assessments (LCA), corporate carbon footprints, and sustainable spend analysis. GHG Protocol At its core, CEDA connects economic exchanges to GHG emissions by quantifying the lifecycle emissions of products and services through the integration of input-output tables — which represent the full supply-chain network of the global economy — with GHG emissions data. CEDA follows a cradle-to-gate system boundary and calculates transport emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. CEDA does not account for direct land use change, but does include land management emissions. It covers all seven GHGs. CEDA factors cover all upstream Scope 3 categories up to the point of purchase, including purchased goods and services, capital goods, fuel and energy-related activities, upstream transportation and distribution, waste generated in operations, business travel, and leased assets (GHG Protocol categories 1–6 and 8). CEDA does not cover downstream emissions. CEDA provides two alternative emission factors for every sector: Purchaser price is the amount paid for the purchase of a ready-to-use product or service, inclusive of domestic transportation costs and trade margins: Purchaser price = Producer price + domestic transportation costs and trade margins Producer price is the amount receivable by the producer, exclusive of subsidies and deductible value-added tax: Producer price = Amount received by the producer for the production of a good or service For Scope 1 and 2 accounting, if spend includes transportation and sale costs (i.e. margins), purchaser price best describes the price type. If spend includes partial or no margins, using producer price leads to a more conservative estimate. When unsure, Watershed generally recommends using producer price: margins are highly variable and difficult to estimate even for official government statistical offices, and producer price is the more conservative choice in the face of this uncertainty. Price index adjustments Watershed uses sector-level price index changes sourced from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), as it is the most granular source of sector-level changes that also matches CEDA's sector definitions. For full details, see the source methodology document: |
| Limitation / key issues to note | Data does not include deductible VAT. |
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