District heating: Distribution losses

Emission intensity of upstream distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross upstream emission factors for district heating accounting for fuel extraction, processing, and transport. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total upstream emissions (38,527.9 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8809.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (11.27%).