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District heating: Distribution losses

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Steam and hot water supply

Steam and hot water supply services

Steam and hot water supply (market average)

Emission intensity of total (upstream and use phase) distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross total (upstream and use phase) emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total emissions (140,050.1 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (9205.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (10.44%).

Emission intensity of distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross fuel combustion emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total fuel combustion emissions (77,649.51 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8809.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (11.27%).

Emission intensity of district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Transmission and distribution (T&D) factors should be used to report the Scope 3 emissions associated with grid losses (the energy loss that occurs in getting the electricity from the power plant to the organisations that purchase it). Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2025: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

District heat & steam distribution 5% loss

Emission intensity of distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross fuel combustion emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total fuel combustion emissions (97,998.7 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (9205.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (10.44%).

Emission intensity of total (upstream and use phase) distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross total (upstream and use phase) emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total emissions (146,808.9 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (9661.4 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (10.65%).

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2025: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2021: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of transmission and distribution (T&D) losses for district heating, calculated by applying the 12.5% network losses specified by UBA to the use phase emission intensity reported in Table 60 of the Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energieträger Report 2023.

District heating - distribution 12.5% loss

Emission intensity of district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Transmission and distribution (T&D) factors should be used to report the Scope 3 emissions associated with grid losses (the energy loss that occurs in getting the electricity from the power plant to the organisations that purchase it). Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2024: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of upstream distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross upstream emission factors for district heating accounting for fuel extraction, processing, and transport. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total upstream emissions (41,174.0 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8905.4 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (12.01%).

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2026: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2022: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of upstream distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross upstream emission factors for district heating accounting for fuel extraction, processing, and transport. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total upstream emissions (38,527.9 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8809.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (11.27%).

Emission intensity of total (upstream and use phase) distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross total (upstream and use phase) emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total emissions (147,736.1 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8905.4 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (12.01%).

Emission intensity of total (upstream and use phase) distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross total (upstream and use phase) emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total emissions (162,856.5 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (9285.3 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (10.68%).

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2024: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of total (upstream and use phase) distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross total (upstream and use phase) emission factors for district heating. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total emissions (116,177.4 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (8809.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (11.27%).

Emission intensity of district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Transmission and distribution (T&D) factors should be used to report the Scope 3 emissions associated with grid losses (the energy loss that occurs in getting the electricity from the power plant to the organisations that purchase it). Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2026: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of district heat & steam distribution 5% loss. Transmission and distribution (T&D) factors should be used to report the Scope 3 emissions associated with grid losses (the energy loss that occurs in getting the electricity from the power plant to the organisations that purchase it). Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2021: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of upstream distribution losses in the district heating network. This emission factor was calculated by Climatiq as the difference between the delivered and gross upstream emission factors for district heating accounting for fuel extraction, processing, and transport. These emission factors were calculated using data from Table 1 of the Norwegian District Heating Climate Accounting Report (Fjernkontrollen) https://www.fjernkontrollen.no/uploaded/files/2020_06_01_klimaregnskap_for_fjernvarme_2020.pdf?utm and Tables 2 and 4 from Statistics Norway, District heating and district cooling https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/fjernvarme-og-fjernkjoling. The gross emission factor was calculated by dividing the calculated total upstream emissions (42,051.4 tCO2e) by the reported total gross district heating production (9205.8 GWh). The delivered emission factor was calculated similarly to the gross one but also taking into account the distribution losses percentage in the district heating network (10.44%).

Property	Value
Name	District heat & steam distribution 5% loss And 3 Other Names District heat & steam distribution 5% loss District heating - distribution 12.5% loss District heating: Distribution losses
Sector	Energy
Category	Heat and Steam
Source	BEIS, Climatiq, UBA
Region	Germany (DE), United Kingdom (GB), Norway (NO)
Year	2026 to 2021
LCA Activity	transmission_and_distribution, upstream, upstream-use_phase, well_to_tank

District heating: Distribution losses

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Emission Factor Name	Region	Source	Year	Unit
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2021	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2022	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2025	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2021	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2023	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2025	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2021	Unit Type
District heating - distribution 12.5% loss	Germany	UBA	2023	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2024	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2025	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2026	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2022	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2022	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2025	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2024	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2024	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2022	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2026	Unit Type
District heat & steam distribution 5% loss	United Kingdom	BEIS	2021	Unit Type
District heating: Distribution losses	Norway	Climatiq	2021	Unit Type

District heating: Distribution losses

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