Rosin size - for paper production (tall oil refinery operation)

Emissions generated by the activity within the product supply chain as described in ecoinvent v3.10. The product 'rosin size for paper production' is a sizing agent used in the paper industry. Sizing agents are used for improving the paper resistance to aqueous liquids. Rosin size is produced by treating rosin with an alkali. Rosin is a residue derived from the distillation and subsequent removal of volatile materials (notably turpentine) of the gum of pines. Rosin is insoluble in water and therefore is treated by saponification with caustic soda or soda ash. For paper production aluminium sulphate is usually added to the rosin which leads to the precipitation of the size (Roberts M. T. and Etherington D. (1998)) The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary transforming activity. The reference product amount is 1.