Austria

Belgium

Germany

United Kingdom

Netherlands

United States of America (the)

District heating - heat network

Australia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Brazil

Alberta, CA

New Brunswick, CA

Nova Scotia, CA

Ontario, CA

Prince Edward Island, CA

Anhui Sheng, CN

Beijing, BJ, CN

Chongqing Shi, CN

Fujian Sheng, CN

Guangdong Sheng, CN

Gansu Sheng, CN

Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, CN

Guizhou Sheng, CN

Henan Sheng, CN

Hubei Sheng, CN

Hebei Sheng, CN

Hainan Sheng, CN

Heilongjiang Sheng, CN

Hunan Sheng, CN

Jilin Sheng, CN

Jiangsu Sheng, CN

Jiangxi Sheng, CN

Liaoning Sheng, CN

Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, CN

Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu, CN

Qinghai Sheng, CN

Sichuan Sheng, CN

Shandong Sheng, CN

Shanghai Shi, CN

Shaanxi Sheng, CN

Shanxi Sheng, CN

Tianjin Shi, CN

Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, CN

Xizang Zizhiqu, CN

Yunnan Sheng, CN

Zhejiang Sheng, CN

Czechia

Rest-of-World (Ecoinvent)

Estonia

Spain

Finland

France

Croatia

Hungary

Ireland

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Italy

Japan

Korea, Republic of

Mexico

Norway

Poland

Romania

Serbia

Russian Federation (the)

Sweden

Slovakia

Türkiye

Taiwan (Province of China)

Ukraine

Heat - district or industrial - other than natural gas (treatment of blast furnace gas - in power plant)

British Columbia, CA

Manitoba, CA

Northwest Territories, CA

Nunavut, CA

Quebec, CA

Saskatchewan, CA

Steam and heated or cooled air or water

Argentina

Colombia

Denmark

Greece

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Latvia

North Macedonia

Peru

Portugal

Saudi Arabia

Slovenia

United States of America, Alaska Systems Coordinating Council, US

Midwest Reliability Organization, US part only, US

Northeast Power Coordinating Council, US part only, US

ReliabilityFirst Corporation, US

SERC Reliability Corporation, US

Texas Regional Entity, US

Western Electricity Coordinating Council, US part only, US

Heat - district or industrial - natural gas (heat and power co-generation - conventional power plant - 100MW electrical)

Emissions from heating based on final energy consumption as published in the report Harmonized Austrian Direct and Indirect GHG Emission Factors for Relevant Energy Sources & Technologies – Table 1. Indirect GHG emissions are based on a LCA and include for example emissions from the construction/operation and maintenance of facilities and equipment for the extraction/processing/transport/storage/conversion and distribution of upstream energy sources and activities related to heat supply

District heating

Emission intensity for district heat and steam. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2022: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

District heat and steam

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat and steam. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2025: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Total emission intensity of district heating - heat network (average). Retrieved from the CSV file "Warmte NL" from CO2 Emissiefactoren 2025.02 providing a standard list of CO2 emission factors.

Emissions from heating based on final energy consumption as published in the report Harmonized Austrian Direct and Indirect GHG Emission Factors for Relevant Energy Sources & Technologies – Table 1.

Emission intensity of district heating - heat network (average). Retrieved from the CSV file "Warmte NL" from CO2 Emissiefactoren 2025.02 providing a standard list of CO2 emission factors.

Total emission intensity of district heating - heat network (average). Retrieved from the excel file CO2 Emissiefactoren 2025 providing a Dutch standard list of CO2 emission factors. For additional information on the application and interpretation of this emission factor please refer to the link: https://co2emissiefactoren.nl/factoren/2025/12/48/warmtelevering-gemiddelde-warmtenetten/

Emission intensity of district heating - heat network (average). Retrieved from the excel file CO2 Emissiefactoren 2024 providing a Dutch standard list of CO2 emission factors. For additional information on the application and interpretation of this emission factor please refer to the link: https://co2emissiefactoren.nl/factoren/2024/12/48/warmtelevering-gemiddelde-warmtenetten/

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat and steam. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2021: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of upstream fuel production of district heating as reported by UBA. Retrieved from Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energieträger Report 2018.

Emission intensity of district heating (fossil-fuel mix) as reported by UBA. Retrieved from Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energieträger Report 2020.

District heating (fossil fuel mix)

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat and steam. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2022: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of upstream fuel production of district heating as reported by UBA. Retrieved from the Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energietrager Report 2023 - table 60.

Emission intensity for Well-to-Tank - district heat and steam. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2023: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of district heating as reported by UBA. Retrieved from Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energieträger Report 2016.

Property	Value
Name	District heat and steam And 6 Other Names District heat and steam District heating District heating (fossil fuel mix) District heating - heat network Purchased heat and steam Steam and Heat
Sector	Energy
Category	Heat and Steam
Source	BEIS, CO2 Emissiefactoren, CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium, EPA, GHG Protocol, UBA, UBA Austria
Region	Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Germany (DE), United Kingdom (GB), Netherlands (NL), United States of America (the) (US)
Unit Type	Energy
Year	2025 to 2016
LCA Activity	total, upstream, upstream-transmission_and_distribution, upstream-use_phase, use_phase, well_to_tank

District heating - heat network

Activity summary

API Reference

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Related factors

Heat and Steam Emission Factors

Heat - district or industrial - other than natural gas (treatment of blast furnace gas - in power plant)

Steam and heated or cooled air or water

Heat - district or industrial - natural gas (heat and power co-generation - conventional power plant - 100MW electrical)

Emission Factor Name	Region	Source	Year	Unit
District heating	Austria	UBA Austria	2021	Energy
District heat and steam	United Kingdom	BEIS	2022	Energy
District heat and steam	United Kingdom	BEIS	2025	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2024	Energy
District heating	Austria	UBA Austria	2021	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2022	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2025	Energy
District heating - heat network	Netherlands	CO2 Emissiefactoren	2025	Energy
District heating - heat network	Netherlands	CO2 Emissiefactoren	2024	Energy
District heating	Austria	UBA Austria	2024	Energy
District heat and steam	United Kingdom	BEIS	2021	Energy
District heating	Germany	UBA	2018	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2021	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2021	Energy
District heating (fossil fuel mix)	Germany	UBA	2020	Energy
District heat and steam	United Kingdom	BEIS	2022	Energy
District heating	Germany	UBA	2023	Energy
District heat and steam	United Kingdom	BEIS	2023	Energy
District heating	Germany	UBA	2016	Energy
District heating - heat network	Belgium	CO2 Emissiefactoren Belgium	2022	Energy