Retention aid - for paper production (retention aid production - for paper production)

Emissions generated by the activity within the product supply chain as described in ecoinvent v3.8. The product 'retention aid, for paper production' is an auxiliary material used mainly to maintain an adequate efficiency, drainage, and cleanliness of a paper machines (Hubbe (2002)). Retention aids reduce the loss of raw materials and increase the production of paper. A further effect is the possibility to retain additives (incl. Fillers). Therefore, most often when speaking about 'retention aids', cationic or anionic acrylamine copolymers are mentioned. But besides them, a variety of further materials can be used instead (e.g. bentonite, colloidal silica, aluminium sulphate, polyethylene oxide) The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary transforming activity. The reference product amount is 1.