Australia

Gravel - crushed

United Arab Emirates (the)

Afghanistan

Antigua and Barbuda

Albania

Angola

Argentina

Austria

Barbados

Bangladesh

Belgium

Burkina Faso

Bulgaria

Bahrain

Burundi

Benin

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Brazil

Bahamas

Bhutan

Belize

Canada

Central African Republic

Congo

Switzerland

Côte d'Ivoire

Chile

Cameroon

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cyprus

Czechia

Germany

Denmark

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Algeria

Ecuador

Estonia

Egypt

Spain

Ethiopia

Finland

Fiji

France

Gabon

United Kingdom

Grenada

Gambia

Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau

Hong Kong

Honduras

Croatia

Haiti

Hungary

Indonesia

Ireland

Israel

India

Iraq

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Iceland

Italy

Jamaica

Jordan

Japan

Kenya

Cambodia

Kiribati

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Korea, Republic of

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Lebanon

Saint Lucia

Sri Lanka

Lesotho

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Latvia

Morocco

Moldova, Republic of

North Macedonia

Mali

Myanmar

Mongolia

Malta

Mauritius

Maldives

Malawi

Mexico

Malaysia

Namibia

Niger

Copper / nickel / lead and zinc mining

Cut stone and stone product manufacturing

Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing

Emission intensity of gravel - crushed. Provided by the Integrated Carbon Metrics (ICM) Embodied Carbon Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Database (ICM Database). Note: The CO2e value only takes into account CO2 CH4 and N2O. The CO2e values were calculated using the process method (no embodied GHG emissions from input-output processes are included). Data quality flag: Methodology - The source does not specify the IPCC AR version of GWPs used to calculate CO2e.

Emission intensity of gravel crushed at mine. Retrieved from the file AusLCI_1.42_EF_Published in the source URL. Data quality flag: Methodology - The source does not specify the IPCC AR version of GWPs used to calculate CO2e.

Gravel - crushed (at mine)

Emission intensity of gravel - crushed. Provided by the Integrated Carbon Metrics (ICM) Embodied Carbon Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Database (ICM Database). Note: The CO2e value only takes into account CO2 CH4 and N2O. The CO2e values were calculated using the hybrid method which combines process data from AusLCI with input-output (IO) data to account for upstream activities not covered in process datasets (e.g. services / finance / insurance / machinery / equipment / capital goods). Data quality flag: Methodology - The source does not specify the IPCC AR version of GWPs used to calculate CO2e.

The activity generating the emissions is gravel production, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/4118/documentation.

Gravel - crushed (gravel production)

The activity generating the emissions is gravel production, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/21575/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is gravel production, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/11551/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is gravel production, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/20272/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is gravel production, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary ordinary transforming activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/830/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is market for gravel, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary market activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/14849/documentation.

Gravel - crushed (market for)

The activity generating the emissions is market for gravel, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary market activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/15246/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is market for gravel, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary market activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/21939/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is market for gravel, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary market activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/19415/documentation.

The activity generating the emissions is market for gravel, crushed. The reference product is gravel, crushed. The product "gravel, crushed" represents crushed stone from open granite or basalt quarries. Although finer stones require more crushing energy than coarse ones, no distinction between gravel sizes was done, due to lack of detailed information. Crushed gravel is used as aggregate for construction, usually applied for concrete production or as a raw material in pavement subbase, for example as foundation material for highways, railways, runways, etc. Other major uses include aggregate for hot mix asphalt, and filler for highway, dam, and other back-filling. Smaller volumes of construction sand and gravel are used in plaster and gunite sands, snow and ice control, and railroad ballast. The reference product amount is 1. The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary market activity. Please refer to the ecoinvent documentation here for full details: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.11/cutoff/dataset/20743/documentation.

Property	Value
Name	Gravel - crushed And 2 Other Names Gravel - crushed Gravel - crushed (at mine)
Sector	Materials and Manufacturing
Category	Mined Materials
Source	AusLCI, ICM Database
Region	Australia (AU)
Unit Type	Weight
Year	2019 2022
LCA Activity	cradle_to_shelf, unknown

Gravel - crushed

Activity summary

API Reference

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Related factors

Mined Materials Emission Factors

Copper / nickel / lead and zinc mining

Cut stone and stone product manufacturing

Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing

Emission Factor Name	Region	Source	Year	Unit
Gravel - crushed	Australia	ICM Database	2019	Weight
Gravel - crushed (at mine)	Australia	AusLCI	2022	Weight
Gravel - crushed	Australia	ICM Database	2019	Weight
Gravel - crushed (gravel production)	Switzerland	ecoinvent	2013	Weight
Gravel - crushed (gravel production)	Brazil	ecoinvent	2015	Weight
Gravel - crushed (gravel production)	Quebec, CA	ecoinvent	1997	Weight
Gravel - crushed (gravel production)	India	ecoinvent	2014	Weight
Gravel - crushed (gravel production)	Rest-of-World (Ecoinvent)	ecoinvent	1997	Weight
Gravel - crushed (market for)	Rest-of-World (Ecoinvent)	ecoinvent	2011	Weight
Gravel - crushed (market for)	Switzerland	ecoinvent	2011	Weight
Gravel - crushed (market for)	Quebec, CA	ecoinvent	2011	Weight
Gravel - crushed (market for)	India	ecoinvent	2014	Weight
Gravel - crushed (market for)	Brazil	ecoinvent	2015	Weight