European Union

Rest-of-World

Alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production (market for alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production)

Belarus

Canada

Chile

China

Algeria

Egypt

United Kingdom

Georgia

Indonesia

Israel

Jordan

Morocco

Norway

Serbia

Russian Federation (the)

Saudi Arabia

Turkmenistan

Tunisia

Türkiye

Trinidad and Tobago

Ukraine

United States of America (the)

Ammonia

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate - CaCO3 or inorganic non-fertilisers

Emissions generated by the activity within the product supply chain as described in ecoinvent v3.10. The product 'alkylketene dimer sizing agent for paper production' also called AKD sizer is a sizing agent used in the paper industry. Sizing agents are used for improving the paper resistance to aqueous liquids. Most often used types of sizing agents are natural products in form of modified natural resins (resin size) starch or modified starch as well as synthetic products. One of the most widely used synthetic sizing agent is alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The main advantage of AKD is that only 0.1% (relative to dry stock) of active substance are needed (European Commission (2000)). AKD sizer is synthesized from fatty acids. According to Hubbe (2002) it is most commonly in form of a dispersion - with waxy solid material dispersed as small particles in a solution that contains a stabilizer i.e. cationic starch.  The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is market activity. The reference product amount is 1.

Emission intensity of supply chain (purchase of service/standard good/capital good) in US dollars spend on: chemicals and chemical products. Factors retrieved from the Quantis+GHG Protocol Scope 3 Calculator for the year 2016 and apply for years beyond 2016. The same emission factor applies to different types of investments in joint ventures/subsidiaries/associate companies that were not captured in Scope 1 emissions.

Chemicals and chemical products

Emission intensity of supply chain (with margins i.e. cradle to shelf) in US dollars spend on: chemicals (except basic chemicals/agrichemicals/polymers/paints/pharmaceuticals/soaps/cleaning compounds). This factor is representative of the described commodity (equivalent to a goods or services category) and was obtained from the USEEIO model. Refer to the source for the source-specific data quality assessment.

Chemicals (except basic chemicals/agrichemicals/polymers/paints/pharmaceuticals/soaps/cleaning compounds)

Emission intensity of supply chain (with margins i.e. cradle to shelf) in US dollars spend on: chemicals (except basic chemicals/agrichemicals/polymers/paints/pharmaceuticals/soaps/cleaning compounds). This factor is representative of the described commodity (equivalent to a goods or services category) and was obtained from the USEEIO model v1.0.1. Refer to the source for the source-specific data quality assessment. Retrieved from Supply Chain Factors Dataset v1.1.1

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: chemicals (not specified in other EXIOBASE emission factors). Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.8.2 model outputs for products. These factors were calculated based on 2019 data. CO2 equivalent factors incorporate emissions from land use; constituent gases have not been included as they do not. The LCA boundaries of these factors are not defined by the source. These factors include effects of international trade.

Chemicals (not elsewhere specified)

Property	Value
Name	Alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production (market for alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production)
Sector	Materials and Manufacturing
Category	Chemical Products
Source	ecoinvent
Region	European Union (EU), Rest-of-World (RoW)
Unit Type	Weight
Year	2011 2018
LCA Activity	Refer to source

Alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production (market for alkylketene dimer sizing agent - for paper production)

Activity summary

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Related factors

Chemical Products Emission Factors

Ammonia

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate - CaCO3 or inorganic non-fertilisers