The Energy Market Authority (EMA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry in Singapore. They issue average CO2 emission emitted per unit of electricity. 

<p>The Grid Emission Factor (GEF) reported by The Energy Market Authority (EMA) measures the average CO2 emissions emitted per unit of net electricity generation in the system by all grid-connected power units. The GEF includes generation technologies from main power producers (e.g. combined cycle power plants, waste-to-energy) and autoproducers (e.g. embedded co-generation plants and solar).</p>

Singapore

United Arab Emirates (the)

Africa

Albania

Armenia

Angola

Argentina

Austria

Australia

Australian Capital Territory, AU

Eastern States of Australia, AU

Melbourne, VIC, AU

New South Wales, AU

Northern Territory, AU

North Western Interconnected System (NWIS) in Western Australia, AU

Queensland, AU

South Australia, AU

Sydney, NSW, AU

Tasmania, AU

Victoria, AU

Western Australia, AU

Azerbaijan

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bangladesh

Belgium

Saint-Ghislain, WHT, BE

Bulgaria

Bahrain

Benin

Saint Barthélemy

Brunei Darussalam

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Brazil

São Paulo, SP, BR

Botswana

Belarus

Canada

Alberta, CA

British Columbia, CA

Manitoba, CA

Montreal, QC, CA

New Brunswick, CA

Newfoundland and Labrador, CA

Nova Scotia, CA

Northwest Territories, CA

Nunavut, CA

Ontario, CA

Prince Edward Island, CA

Quebec, CA

Saskatchewan, CA

Yukon, CA

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

Congo

Switzerland

Zurich, ZH, CH

Côte d'Ivoire

Chile

Cameroon

China

Central China grid, CN

East China grid, CN

Hainan Sheng, CN

North China grid, CN

China Northeast grid, CN

China Northwest grid, CN

China Southern grid, CN

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Curaçao

Cyprus

Czechia

Germany

Frankfurt am Main, HE, DE

Denmark

Dominican Republic

Algeria

Ecuador

Estonia

Egypt

Eritrea

Spain

Ethiopia

European Union

Europe and Asia

Finland

Hamina (Fredrikshamn), 09, FI

France

Corsica, FR

Corse-du-Sud, FR

Haute-Corse, FR

Gabon

United Kingdom

London, LND, GB

Georgia

French Guiana

Ghana

Gibraltar

Global

Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe (excluding overseas collectivities), GP

Electricity supplied from grid

China, Central Grid, CN

China, East Grid, CN

China, North Grid, CN

China, Northeast Grid, CN

China, Northwest Grid, CN

India

Viet Nam

Electricity supplied from grid - build margin

Electricity supplied from grid - operating margin

Emission intensity of the grid mix as reported for Singapore. The Grid Emission Factor (GEF) measures the average CO2 emissions per unit of net electricity generation in the system by all grid connected power units. Published by the Energy Market Authority of Singapore and retrieved from the graph titled "Grid Emission Factor" in the source URL link provided.

Data published by the Singapore Energy Market Authority (EMA) in 2021. The Grid Emission Factor (GEF) measures the average CO2 emission emitted per unit of electricity. It can be calculated using the Average Operating Margin (OM) or the Build Margin (BM) method. The OM measures the system-wide emissions factor while the BM measures the emissions factor of newer facilities. More details on the GEF could be found in the <Technical Notes> section of the Singapore Energy Statistics (SES) publication.

Electricity supplied from grid - average operating margin

Property	Value
Description	The Energy Market Authority (EMA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry in Singapore. They issue average CO2 emission emitted per unit of electricity.
Source type	Governmental
Original dataset URL	URL
Year released	2025
Geography	Singapore
Sector	Energy
Type of data	Activity-based
Emission results	CO2
Data Transformation	NA

Property	Value
Type of license	Contains information from the dataset Grid Emission Factor accessed on 12/12/2025 from EMA which is made available under the terms of the Singapore Open Data Licence version 1.0 [https://www.ema.gov.sg/terms-of-use](https://www.ema.gov.sg/terms-of-use)
License URL	URL

Property	Value
Data quality assurance	Vetted by Climatiq. For further information on data quality assurance, see: [https://www.climatiq.io/methodology#Data-Quality](https://www.climatiq.io/methodology#Data-Quality)
Quality flag(s)	Partial factor The source reports electricity generation emissions in CO2 and does not report individual gases.

Property	Value
IPCC AR method	This source reports only CO2 values.
LCA boundary	electricity_generation
Scope applicability	2
Emissions breakdown	CO2
Methodology description	The Grid Emission Factor (GEF) reported by The Energy Market Authority (EMA) measures the average CO2 emissions emitted per unit of net electricity generation in the system by all grid-connected power units. The GEF includes generation technologies from main power producers (e.g. combined cycle power plants, waste-to-energy) and autoproducers (e.g. embedded co-generation plants and solar).

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