Global

Refrigerated bulk <1999 dwt - VLSFO

Intra North America EC/ Gulf/WC - Container ship (dry)

United Arab Emirates (the)

Afghanistan

Antigua and Barbuda

Albania

Angola

Argentina

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Bangladesh

Belgium

Burkina Faso

Bulgaria

Bahrain

Burundi

Benin

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Brazil

Bahamas

Bhutan

Belize

Canada

Central African Republic

Congo

Switzerland

Côte d'Ivoire

Chile

Cameroon

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cyprus

Czechia

Germany

Denmark

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Algeria

Ecuador

Estonia

Egypt

Spain

Ethiopia

Finland

Fiji

France

Gabon

United Kingdom

Grenada

Gambia

Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau

Hong Kong

Honduras

Croatia

Haiti

Hungary

Indonesia

Ireland

Israel

India

Iraq

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Iceland

Italy

Jamaica

Jordan

Japan

Kenya

Cambodia

Kiribati

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Korea, Republic of

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Lebanon

Saint Lucia

Sri Lanka

Lesotho

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Latvia

Morocco

Moldova, Republic of

North Macedonia

Mali

Myanmar

Mongolia

Malta

Mauritius

Maldives

Malawi

Mexico

Malaysia

Namibia

Niger

Water transportation

Water transportation (purchaser prices)

Well-to-Wheel (WTW) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.1 edition revised and updated (2024). Retrieved from Table 13: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Well-to-Wheel (WTW) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.2 edition revised and updated (2025). Retrieved from Tables 14-17: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Well-to-Tank (WTT) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.2 edition revised and updated (2025). Retrieved from Tables 14-17: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.2 edition revised and updated (2025). Retrieved from Tables 14-17: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.1 edition revised and updated (2024). Retrieved from Table 13: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Well-to-Tank (WTT) emission intensity of freight. Published by the Global Logistics Emissions Council Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.1 edition revised and updated (2024). Retrieved from Table 13: Sea transport emission intensity values - Non-container vessels. This factor has been calculated incorporating average loads/empty running/repositioning etc. as appropriate to the transport type and as described by the source.

Property	Value
Name	Refrigerated bulk <1999 dwt - VLSFO
Sector	Transport
Category	Sea Freight
Source	GLEC
Region	Global (GLOBAL)
Unit Type	Weight Over Distance
Year	2024 2025
LCA Activity	tank_to_wheel, well_to_tank, well_to_wheel

Refrigerated bulk <1999 dwt - VLSFO

Activity summary

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Related factors

Sea Freight Emission Factors

Intra North America EC/ Gulf/WC - Container ship (dry)

Water transportation

Water transportation (purchaser prices)