Austria

Australia

Belgium

Bulgaria

Brazil

Canada

Switzerland

China

Cyprus

Czechia

Germany

Denmark

Estonia

Spain

European Union advanced (Exiobase)

European Union emerging (Exiobase)

Non-European Union advanced (Exiobase)

Non-European Union emerging (Exiobase)

Rest-of-World Asia and Pacific (Exiobase)

Rest-of-World Europe (Exiobase)

Rest-of-World Africa (Exiobase)

Rest-of-World America (Exiobase)

Rest-of-World Middle East (Exiobase)

Finland

France

United Kingdom

Global

Greece

Croatia

Hungary

Indonesia

Ireland

India

Italy

Japan

Korea, Republic of

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Latvia

Malta

Mexico

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russian Federation (the)

Sweden

Slovenia

Slovakia

Türkiye

Taiwan (Province of China)

United States of America (the)

South Africa

Research and development services

New Zealand

Central Asia and Pacific Asia, Oceania, Antarctica

East Europe and Iceland

Africa except Egypt and South Africa

Latin America except Brazil

Middle East, Asia and Egypt

Other business services

United Arab Emirates (the)

Afghanistan

Antigua and Barbuda

Albania

Angola

Argentina

Barbados

Bangladesh

Burkina Faso

Bahrain

Burundi

Benin

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Bahamas

Bhutan

Belize

Alberta, CA

British Columbia, CA

Manitoba, CA

New Brunswick, CA

Newfoundland and Labrador, CA

Nova Scotia, CA

Northwest Territories, CA

Nunavut, CA

Ontario, CA

Prince Edward Island, CA

Quebec, CA

Saskatchewan, CA

Yukon, CA

Central African Republic

Congo

Côte d'Ivoire

Chile

Cameroon

Colombia

Costa Rica

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Algeria

Ecuador

Egypt

Ethiopia

Fiji

Gabon

Grenada

Gambia

Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau

Hong Kong

Honduras

Haiti

Israel

Iraq

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Iceland

Jamaica

Jordan

Kenya

Cambodia

Kiribati

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Lebanon

Saint Lucia

Sri Lanka

Lesotho

Morocco

Legal services

Veterinary services

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. The base data year is 2023 and prices have been adjusted to 2025 by EXIOBASE. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.11 model outputs for products.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: Research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. These factors are provided in basic prices for the year 2022. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.10 model outputs for products.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: Research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. These factors are provided in basic prices for the year 2022. Data quality flag: Methodology - this EF is marked as an outlier by the source for Scope 1/ 2 component which takes the average value for region EU Advanced or a World average if the former doesn't exist.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. The base data year is 2023 and prices have been adjusted to 2025 by EXIOBASE. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.11 model outputs for products. Data quality flag: Methodology - this EF is marked as an outlier by the source for Scope 1/2 components - there may be insufficient data to create an EF and / or the industry is not relevant or significant for the region. The value for this EF is therefore given either by the regional average for EU Advanced or the World average if there is no regional average.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. The base data year is 2023 and prices have been adjusted to 2025 by EXIOBASE. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.11 model outputs for products. Data quality flag: Methodology - this EF is marked as an outlier by the source for Scope 1/2 components - there may be insufficient data to create an EF and / or the industry is not relevant or significant for the region. The value for this EF is therefore given either by the regional average for Non-EU Advanced or the World average if there is no regional average.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. The base data year is 2023 and prices have been adjusted to 2025 by EXIOBASE. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.11 model outputs for products. Data quality flag: Methodology - this EF is marked as an outlier by the source for Scope 1/3 components - there may be insufficient data to create an EF and / or the industry is not relevant or significant for the region. The value for this EF is therefore given either by the regional average for Non-EU Emerging or the World average if there is no regional average.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: Research and development services. The emission factors are for the final production of products in the region and from the complete international supply chain. These factors use prices from 2022. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.10 model outputs for products.

Property	Value
Name	Research and development services
Sector	Organizational Activities
Category	Professional Services
Source	EXIOBASE
Region	Austria (AT), Australia (AU), Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), Brazil (BR), Canada (CA), Switzerland (CH), China (CN), Cyprus (CY), Czechia (CZ) View all 54 regions
Unit Type	Money
Year	2022 2025
LCA Activity	cradle_to_gate

Research and development services

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Professional Services Emission Factors

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Legal services

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