European Union

India

Rest-of-World

Steel - low-alloyed (steel production - converter - low-alloyed)

United Arab Emirates (the)

Albania

Argentina

Austria

Australia

Azerbaijan

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bangladesh

Belgium

Bulgaria

Brazil

Belarus

Canada

Switzerland

Chile

China

Czechia

Germany

Algeria

Ecuador

Spain

Finland

France

United Kingdom

Greece

Guatemala

Hungary

Indonesia

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Italy

Japan

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Korea, Republic of

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Luxembourg

Libya

Morocco

Moldova, Republic of

Mexico

Malaysia

Nigeria

Netherlands

Norway

New Zealand

Oman

Peru

Philippines (the)

Pakistan

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Serbia

Russian Federation (the)

Saudi Arabia

Sweden

Singapore

Slovenia

Slovakia

Syrian Arab Republic (the)

Thailand

Türkiye

Taiwan (Province of China)

Ukraine

United States of America (the)

Uzbekistan

Viet Nam

South Africa

Steel production

Alloy steel - flat-rolled >600mm cold-rolled annealed

Alloy steel - flat-rolled >600mm hot-rolled

Emissions generated by the activity within the product supply chain as described in ecoinvent v3.10. The product 'steel low-alloyed' is a metal. It contains a maximum share of 5% of alloying elements. It is a direct product of a basic oxygen furnace (BOF). It can be used in the following applications and/or processes: widely used for the production of pipes automotive and aerospace bodies railway lines and offshore and onshore structural engineering plates.  The cut-off classification is allocatable product. The activity type is ordinary transforming activity. The reference product amount is 1.

Emission intensity of supply chain in dollars spend on: basic iron/steel and other metals. Provided by the Market Economics Limited 2023 in the Consumption Emissions Modelling report prepared for Auckland Council. Retrieved from the sheet: Cons EF 199 SUT in the excel file: consumption-emissions-modelling-market-economics-march-2023-dataset.

Basic iron/steel and other metals

Emission intensity of supply chain (purchase of service/standard good/capital good) in US dollars spend on: basic metals and fabricated metal. Factors retrieved from the Quantis+GHG Protocol Scope 3 Calculator for the year 2016 and apply for years beyond 2016. The same emission factor applies to different types of investments in joint ventures/subsidiaries/associate companies that were not captured in Scope 1 emissions.

Basic metals and fabricated metal

Emission intensity of metals (closed-loop source) The EF should be used to report on consumption of procured materials based on their origin (that is comprised of primary material or recycled materials). For primary materials these factors cover the extraction/primary processing/manufacturing and transportation materials to the point of sale not the materials in use. For secondary materials the factors cover sorting/processing/manufacturing and transportation to the point of sale not the materials in use. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2021: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Metals (Closed-loop source)

Emission intensity of metals (closed-loop source) The EF should be used to report on consumption of procured materials based on their origin (that is comprised of primary material or recycled materials). For primary materials these factors cover the extraction/primary processing/manufacturing and transportation materials to the point of sale not the materials in use. For secondary materials the factors cover sorting/processing/manufacturing and transportation to the point of sale not the materials in use. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2022: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of metals (closed-loop source) The EF should be used to report on consumption of procured materials based on their origin (that is comprised of primary material or recycled materials). For primary materials these factors cover the extraction/primary processing/manufacturing and transportation materials to the point of sale not the materials in use. For secondary materials the factors cover sorting/processing/manufacturing and transportation to the point of sale not the materials in use. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2023: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of metals (closed-loop source) The EF should be used to report on consumption of procured materials based on their origin (that is comprised of primary material or recycled materials). For primary materials these factors cover the extraction/primary processing/manufacturing and transportation materials to the point of sale not the materials in use. For secondary materials the factors cover sorting/processing/manufacturing and transportation to the point of sale not the materials in use. Retrieved from the Conversion Factors 2024: flat file published by the UK BEIS/Defra at the source URL.

Emission intensity of supply chain in GBP spend on: other basic metals and casting. Provided by BEIS/DEFRA in the official report on UK and England's carbon footprint to 2019. Retrieved from the UK full dataset 1990 - 2021 including conversion factors by SIC code (sheets: ghg_sic_mult and co2_sic_mult).

Other basic metals and casting

Emission intensity of supply chain in GBP spend on: other basic metals and casting. Provided by BEIS/DEFRA in the official report on UK and England's carbon footprint to 2020. Retrieved from the UK full dataset 1990 - 2021 including conversion factors by SIC code (sheets: ghg_sic_mult and co2_sic_mult).

Emission intensity of supply chain in GBP spend on: other basic metals and casting. Provided by BEIS/DEFRA in the official report on UK and England's carbon footprint to 2021.

Emission intensity of supply chain in EUR spend on: precious metals. Retrieved from the EXIOBASE v3.8.2 model outputs for products. These factors were calculated based on 2019 data. CO2 equivalent factors incorporate emissions from land use; constituent gases have not been included as they do not. The LCA boundaries of these factors are not defined by the source. These factors include effects of international trade.

Precious metals

Property	Value
Name	Steel - low-alloyed (steel production - converter - low-alloyed)
Sector	Materials and Manufacturing
Category	Metals
Source	ecoinvent
Region	European Union (EU), India (IN), Rest-of-World (RoW)
Unit Type	Weight
Year	2010 2013
LCA Activity	Refer to source

Steel - low-alloyed (steel production - converter - low-alloyed)

Activity summary

API Reference

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Related factors

Metals Emission Factors

Steel production

Alloy steel - flat-rolled >600mm cold-rolled annealed

Alloy steel - flat-rolled >600mm hot-rolled